Scholarship on Old Norse Mythology and Icelandic Folklore

Acker, Paul., and Larrington, Carolyne, editors. The Poetic Edda: Essays on Old Norse Mythology. Routledge, 2002.

Acker, Paul., and Larrington, Carolyne. Revisiting the Poetic Edda: Essays on Old Norse Heroic Legend. Taylor and Francis, 2013.

Åke V. Ström. “Formes de Mystique Dans Le Nord Préchrétien [Forms of Mystique in the Pre-Christian North].” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, vol. 5, The Donner Institute, Feb. 1970, pp. 220–48.

Alda Sigmundsdóttir. The Little Book of the Hidden People. Enska textasmiðjan, 2015.

Alda Snæbjörnsdóttir. Tröllaspor: íslenskar tröllasögur [Troll Trail: Icelandic Troll Stories]. Skrudda, 2011.

Anna Kristín Ásbjörnsdóttir, et al. Tales of Trolls: Icelandic Folk Tales Collected by Jón Árnason. Nýhöfn, 2015.

Anderson, Philip N. “Form and Content in Lokasenna: A Re-evaluation.” The Poetic Edda: Essays on Old Norse Mythology, edited by Carolyne Larrington and Paul Acker, Routledge, 2015, pp. 139-157.

Ármann Jakobsson. “The Extreme Emotional Life of Volundr the elf. (Volundarkvida poem) (Critical Essay).” Scandinavian Studies, vol. 78, no. 3, Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study, Sept. 2006, pp. 227–54.

Ármann Jakobsson. “A contest of cosmic fathers: God and giant in Vafþrúðnismál,” Neophilologus 92, 2008, pp. 263–77.

Ármann Jakobsson. “Beware of the Elf! A Note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar.” Folklore, vol. 126, no. 2, Routledge, May 2015, pp. 215–23, doi:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1023511.

Ármann Jakobsson. The Troll Inside You: Paranormal Activity in the Medieval North. Punctum Books, 2017.

Ármann Jakobsson. “Loki’s Flexible Masculinity: Old Norse myths and medieval notions of gender.” Workshop on Nordic Men’s Media in Gothenburg, 16-18 Oct. 2008. 2019.

Arngrímur Jón Sigurðsson, and Ölvir Gíslason. Museum of Hidden Beings: Mythological Beings of Icelandic Folk Tales. Salka, 2016.

Arnold, Martin. Thor: Myth to Marvel. Continuum, 2011.

Bassil-Morozow, Helena. “Loki Then and Now: The Trickster Against Civilization.” International Journal of Jungian Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, 2017, pp. 84-96.

Bedell, J. M. (Jane M.), and Gunnell, Terry. Hildur, Queen of the Elves: and Other Icelandic Legends. Interlink Books, 2007.

Bek-Pedersen, Karen. The Norns in Old Norse Mythology. Dunedin Academic Press, 2011.

Benedikz, B. S. “Basic Themes in Icelandic Folklore.” Folklore, vol. 84, 1973, pp. 1-26.

Birna Bjarnadóttir. “What the Bear Said: Skald Tales From New Iceland.” Canadian Ethnic Studies, vol. 45, no. 1/2, Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, Jan. 2013, pp. 267–68, doi:10.1353/ces.2013.0015.

Björn R. Stefánsson. Sex þjóðsögur [Six Folktales]. Bókaverzlun Ársæls Árnasonar, 1926.

Blain, Jenny, et al. “Heathenry.” Handbook of Contemporary Paganism, vol. 2, 2009, pp. 413–32, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004163737.i-650.114.

Boucher, Alan. Elves, Trolls and Elemental Beings: Icelandic Folktales II. Iceland Review, 1977.

Boucher, Alan. Ghosts, Witchcraft and the Other World: Icelandic Folktales I. Iceland Review, 1977.

Boyer, Régis. “On the Composition of Völuspá.” Edda: A Collection of Essays, edited by Haraldur Bessason and Robert J. Glenndinning, U of Manitoba P, 1983, pp. 117-133.

Boynton, Holmes. Icelandic Folk Tales and Fairy Stories. B.S.G. Boynton, 1976.

Branston, Brian, et al. Goð og garpar: úr norrænum sögnum [Gods and Heroes: From the Norse Sagas]. Saga, 1980.

Brink, Stefan and Lisa Collinson, editors. Theorizing Old Norse Myth. Acta Scandinavica Book 7. Brepols, 2018.

Britt-Mari Näsström. “Fragments of the Past: How to Study Old Norse Religion.” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, vol. 17, no. 2, The Donner Institute, Jan. 1999, pp. 177–85, doi:10.30674/scripta.67271.

Canevaro, Lilah Grace. “Hesiod and Hávamál: Transitions and the Transmission of Wisdom.” Oral Tradition, vol. 29, no. 1, Center for Studies in Oral Tradition, 2014, pp. 99–126, doi:10.1353/ort.2014.0003.

Carey, John. “Irish Parallels to the Myth of Odin’s Eye.” Folklore, vol. 94, no. 2, Taylor & Francis Group, Jan. 1983, pp. 214–18, doi:10.1080/0015587X.1983.9716279.

Chadwick, N. K. “Norse Ghosts (A Study in the Draugr and the Haugbúi).” Folklore, vol. 57, no. 2, Taylor & Francis Group, June 1946, pp. 50–65, doi:10.1080/0015587X.1946.9717812.

Ciklamini, Marlene. “Folklore and Hagiography in Arngrimr’s Gudmundar Saga Arasonar.” Fabula, vol. 49, no. 1-2, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Jan. 2008, pp. 1–18, doi:10.1515/FABL.2008.002.

Cipolla, Adele and Quinn, Judy, editors. Studies in the Transmission and Reception of Old Norse Literature: The Hyperborean Muse in European Culture. Brepols, 2016.

Clark, David and Phelpstead, Carl, editors. Old Norse Made New: Essays on the Post-Medieval Reception of Old Norse Literature and Culture. Viking Society, 2007.

Clover, Carol J. “Hárbarðsljóð as Generic Farce.” Scandinavian Studies, vol. 51, no. 2, 1979, pp. 124–145.

Cole, Richard. “Towards a Typology of Absence in Old Norse Literature.” Exemplaria, vol. 28, no. 2, Routledge, Apr. 2016, pp. 137–60, doi:10.1080/10412573.2016.1151201.

Davidson, Hilda R. Ellis. The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature. Michigan UP, 1943.

Davidson, Hilda R. Ellis. Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. Penguin, 1964.

Davidson, Hilda R. Ellis. “Loki and Saxo’s Hamlet.” The Fool and the Trickster: Studies in Honour of Enid Welsford, edited by Paul V. A. Williams. Rowman & Littlefield (D. S. Brewer), 1979, pp. 3-17.

Davidson, Hilda R. Ellis. “Insults and Riddles in the Edda Poems.” Edda: A Collection of Essays, edited by Haraldur Bessason and Robert J. Glenndinning. U of Manitoba P, 1983, pp. 25-46.

de Vries, Jan. The Problem of Loki. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1933.

Doutreleau, Vanessa. “Elves And Relationships with Nature in Iceland.” Ethnologie Française, vol. 33, no. 4, Presses Universitaires de France, Dec. 2003, pp. 655–63, doi:10.3917/ethn.034.0655.

Dubois, Thoma A. Nordic Religions in the Viking Age. UP of Pennsylvania, 1999.

Dumézil, Georges. Loki. G.P. Maisonneuve, 1948.

Dumézil, Georges. From Myth to Fiction: The Saga of Hadingus. Translated by Derek Coltman, U of Chicago P, 1973.

Dronke, Ursula. Myth and Fiction in Early Norse Lands. Variorum, 1996.

Einar Ól. Sveinsson. Íslenzkar þjóðsögur og ævintýri: með myndum eftir íslenzka listamenn [Icelandic Folktales and Fairy Tales: With Pictures by Icelandic Artists]. Leiftur, 1944.

Einar Ól. Sveinsson. Íslenzkar þjóðsögur og ævintýri [Icelandic Folktales and Fairy Tales]. 2. útg., Leiftur, 1951.

Eson, Lawrence. “Odin and Merlin: Threefold Death and the World Tree.” Western Folklore, vol. 69, no. 1, Western States Folklore Society, Jan. 2010, pp. 85–107.

Faulkes, Anthony. “Pagan Sympathy: Attitudes to Heathendom in the Prologue to Snorra Edda.” Edda: A Collection of Essays, edited by Haraldur Bessason and Robert J. Glenndinning, U of Manitoba P, 1983, pp. 283-314.

Ferioli, Diego. “On the Oral-Formulaic Theory and Its Application in the Poetic Edda: The Cases of Alvíssmál and Hávamál.” Nordicum-Mediterraneum, vol. 5, no. 1, University of Akureyri, Mar. 2010, https://doaj.org/article/4769e997437747b5870a6b4b58bd76a8.

Fimi, Dimitra. “Icelandic Folktales and Legends.” Folklore, vol. 118, no. 3, Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1 Dec. 2007, pp. 366–67.

Finnur Jónsson. “Álfatrúin á Íslandi [The Elf Belief in Iceland].” Eimreiðin, July 1895.

Flowers, Stephen E. The Galdrabók: an Icelandic Grimoire. S. Weiser, 1989.

Flowers, Stephen E. Icelandic Magic: Practical Secrets of the Northern Grimoires. First U.S. edition, Inner Traditions, 2016.

Frakes, Jerold. “Loki’s Mythological Function in the Tripartite System.” Journal of English and Germanic Philology, vol. 86, no. 4, 1987, pp. 473-486.

Frankki, James. “Cross-Dressing in the Poetic Edda: Mic Muno Æsir Argan Kalla.” Scandinavian Studies, vol. 84, no. 4, U of Illinois P, Dec. 2012, pp. 425–37, doi:10.1353/scd.2012.0063.

Gibson, Marion. Imagining the Pagan Past: Gods and Goddesses in Literature and History since the Dark Ages. Routledge, 2013.

Gouchet, Olivier. “Siguror and the Women.” ReVision, vol. 21, no. 3, ReVision Publications, Jan. 1999, pp. 48–55.

Guðrún Tryggvadóttir, et al. Myths & Monsters in Icelandic Folk Tales. Salka, 2002.

Gunnar Helgason, and Blöndal, Þórarinn Gunnarsson. Grýla. Hólar, 1997.

Gunnell, Terry and Lassen, Annette, editors. The Nordic Apocalypse: Approaches to Vǫluspá and Nordic Days of Judgement. Acta Scandinavica: Aberdeen Studies in the Scandinavian World, Brepols, 2013.

Grímur Thomsen. On the Character of the Old Northern Poetry. Icelandic Cultural Fund, 1972.

Hallberg Hallmundsson, et al. Icelandic Folk and Fairy Tales. Iceland Review, 1987.

Hallberg, Peter. “Elements of Imagery in the Poetic Edda.” Edda: A Collection of Essays, edited by Haraldur Bessason and Robert J. Glenndinning, U of Manitoba P, 1983, pp. 47-85.

Hallfridur J. Ragnheidardottir. Quest for the Mead of Poetry: Menstrual Symbolism in Icelandic Folk and Fairy Tales. Chiron Publications, 2016.

Hatto, A. T. “The Name of God in Gothic.” The Modern Language Review, vol. 39, no. 3, 1944, pp. 247–251.

Haugen, Einar. “The Edda as Ritual: Odin and His Masks.” Edda: A Collection of Essays, edited by Haraldur Bessason and Robert J. Glenndinning, U of Manitoba P, 1983, pp. 3-24.

Haukur Halldórsson. Trolls in Icelandic Folklore: Stories and Drawings. Örn og Örlygur, 1982.

Haukur Halldórsson. Tröll: sögur og teikningar úr íslenskri þjóðsagnaveröld [Troll: Sagas and Drawings from Icelandic World Folktales]. Örn og Örlygur, 1982.

Haukur Þorgeirsson. “Álfar í gömlum kveðskap [Elves in Old Poetry].” Són, Jan. 2011.

Hermann Pálsson. Hávamál í ljósi íslenskrar menningar [Havamal from the View of Icelandic Culture]. Háskólaútgáfan, 1999.

Hermann Pálsson. Heimur Hávamála [Havamal’s World]. Bókaútgáfa Menningarsjóðs, 1990.

Hind, Charles. “Scandinavian Folk-Lore: Illustrations of the Traditional Beliefs of the Northern Peoples.” The Academy, 1869-1902, 0269-333X, vol. 51, no. 1287, Academy Publishing Co., etc., 2 Jan. 1897, pp. 16–17.

Hobson, Jacob. “Euhemerism and the Veiling of History in Early Scandinavian literature. (Critical Essay).” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, vol. 116, no. 1, U of Illinois P, Jan. 2017, pp. 24–44, doi:10.5406/jenglgermphil.116.1.0024.

Jens Schjødt. “The Relation Between the Two Phenomenological Categories Initiation and Sacrifice as Exemplified by the Norse Myth of Óðinn on the Tree.” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, vol. 15, Donner Institute, Jan. 1993, pp. 261–74, doi:10.30674/scripta.67215.

Jesch, Judith. “The Norse gods in England and the Isle of Man.” Myths, Legends, and Heroes: Essays on Old Norse and Old English Literature in Honour of John McKinnell, edited by Daniel Anlezark, U of Toronto P, 2011.

Jón Aðalsteinsson. “Gods and Giants in Old Norse Mythology.” Temenos, vol. 26, Suomen Uskontotieteellinen Seura., Jan. 1990.

Jón Karl Helgason. Echoes of Valhalla: The Afterlife of Eddas and Sagas. Reaktion, 2017.

Jón Karl Helgason. “‘Þegi Þú, Þórr!’: Gender, Class, and Discourse in Þrymskviða.” Cold Counsel: Women in Old Norse Literature and Mythology, edited by Sarah M. Anderson with Karen Swenson. Routledge, 2002, pp. 159-66.

Jón Baldur Hlíðberg, et al. Meeting with Monsters: An Illustrated Guide to the Beasts of Iceland. JPV, 2008.

Jónas Þór. The Christmas Trolls. 1st ed., Jónas Þór, 1990.

Kaplan, Merill and Tangherlini, Timothy R., editors. News from Other Worlds: Studies in Nordic Folklore, Mythology and Culture in Honor of John F. Lindow. North Pinhurst Press, 2012, pp. 134-153.

Karl Jóhann Jónsson. Jólasveinarnir þá og nú [The Yule Lads Then and Now]. 1. útgáfa, NB forlag, 2016.

Kelchner, Georgia Dunham. Dreams in Old Norse Literature and Their Affinities in Folklore: with an Appendix Containing the Icelandic Texts and Translations. The University Press, 1935.

Klingenberg, Heinz. “Types of Eddic Mythological Poetry.” Edda: A Collection of Essays, edited by Haraldur Bessason and Robert J. Glenndinning. U of Manitoba P, 1983, pp. 134-164.

Korstanje, Maximiliano. “Examining the Norse Mythology and the Archetype of Odin: The Inception of Grand Tour.” Tourism, vol. 60, no. 4, 2012, pp. 369–84.

Kousoulis, Antonis A., et al. “Violent Death and Trauma in Norse Mythology: a Systematic Reading of the Prose Edda.” European Surgery, vol. 48, no. 5, Springer, Oct. 2016, pp. 304–10, doi:10.1007/s10353-016-0438-9.

Lafayllve, Patricia M. Freyja, Lady, Vanadis: An Introduction to the Goddess. Outskirts Press, 2006.

Langer, Johnni. “A morte de Odin? As representações do Ragnarök na arte das Ilhas Britânicas [The Death of Odin? The Representations of Ragnarok in the Art of the British Isles.” Medievalista, no. 11, Instituto de Estudos Medievais. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012.

Langer, Johnni and Neiva, Weber. “Valquírias versus gigantas: modelos marciais femininos na mitologia Escandinava [Valkyries versus Giantesses: Female Martial Models in Scandinavian Mythology].” Revista Brasileira de História Das Religiões, vol. V, no. 13, Associação Nacional de História - ANPUH, May 2012, pp. 03–29.

Lannom, Gloria. “Identify the Norse Gods.” Calliope, vol. 13, no. 5, Carus Publishing Company, d/b/a ePals Media, Jan. 2003, p. 42.

Larrington, Carolynne. The Norse Myths: A Guide to the Gods and Heroes. Thames & Hudson, 2017.

Larson, L. “Icelandic Folktales & Legends.” Choice, vol. 42, no. 11/12, American Library Association dba CHOICE, July 2005, 1984, doi:10.5860/CHOICE.42-6324.

Lindow, John. Scandinavian Mythology: An Annotated Bibliography. Garland Pub., 1988.

Lindow, John. Murder and Vengeance Among the Gods: Baldr in Scandinavian Mythology. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia/Academia Scientiaram Fennica, 1997.

Lindow, John. “Norse Mythology and the Lives of the Saints.” Scandinavian Studies, vol. 73, no. 3, Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study, Sept. 2001, pp. 437–56.

Lindow, John. Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford UP, 2002.

Lindow, John. “Mythology and Mythography.” Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Critical Guide, edited by Carol J. Clover and John Lindow. University of Toronto Press (Medieval Academy Reprints for Teaching 42), 2005, pp. 21-67.

Lindow, John. Trolls: an Unnatural History. Reaktion Books, 2014.

Mala, Elisa. “Magic Kingdom: In a Land of Elves, You’re Never alone. (GLOBAL PSYCHE: ICELAND).” Psychology Today, vol. 41, no. 3, Sussex Publishers, Inc., May 2008.

Malm, Mats. “Baldrs Draumar and the Generic Turn.” Scandinavian Studies, vol. 76, no. 1, 2004, pp. 1-20.

Mandt, Gro. “Fragments of Ancient Beliefs: The Snake as a Multivocal Symbol in Nordic Mythology.” ReVision, vol. 23, no. 1, ReVision Publications, July 2000, pp. 17–22.

Marianne Görman. “The Necklace as a Divine Symbol and as a Sign of Dignity in the Old Norse Conception.” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, vol. 16, The Donner Institute, Jan. 1996, pp. 111–50.

Markelova Olga. “The perception of Old Norse literature in modern Icelandic children’s literature.” Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Svâto-Tihonovskogo Gumanitarnogo Universiteta: Seriâ III. Filologiâ, vol. 55, St. Tikhon’s University, July 2018, pp. 52–74.

Martin, John Stanley. Ragnarok. An Investigation into Old Norse Concepts of the Fate of the Gods. Van Gorcum, 1972.

McGillivray, Andrew. Influences of Pre-Christian Mythology and Christianity on Old Norse Poetry: A Narrative Study of Vafþrúðnismál. The Northern Medieval World: On the Margins of Europe Series. Medieval Institute Press, 2018.

McGovern, Ann., and Malone, Nola Langner. Half a Kingdom: an Icelandic Folktale. F. Warne, 1977.

Mckinnell, John. “Wisdom from the dead: the Ljóðatal section of Hávamál.” Medium Aevum, vol. 76, no. 1, Society for the Study of Mediaeval Languages and Literature, Jan. 2007, pp. 85–115, doi:10.2307/43632298.

Mckinnell, John. Essays on Eddic Poetry. Edited by Donata Kick and John D. Shafer, U of Toronto P, 2014.

Mckinnell, John. “Motivation and Meaning in Lokasenna.” Essays on Eddic Poetry, University of Toronto Press, 2014.

Miller, Helga., et al. Redhead the Whale and Other Icelandic Folk Tales. Queenston House, 1985.

Mogenson, Greg. Northern Gnosis: Thor, Baldr, and the Volsungs in the Thought of Freud and Jung. Spring Journal Books, 2005.

Moosbrugger, Mathias. “Recovering the Snorra Edda: On Playing Gods, Loki, and the Importance of History.” Contagion: Journal of Violence, Mimesis, and Culture, vol. 17, 2010, pp. 105–20.

Motz, Lotte. “Gods and Demons of the Wilderness. A Study in Norse Tradition.” Arkiv För Nordisk Filologi, vol. 99, C. W. K. Gleerup, etc., Jan. 1984.

Motz, Lotte. “Trolls and Aesir: Lexical Evidence Concerning North-Germanic Faith.” Indogermanische Forschungen, vol. 89, K. J. Trübner, Jan. 1984.

Motz, Lotte. “The Power of Speech: Eddic Poems and Their Frames.” Amsterdamer Beitrage Zur Alteren Germanistik, vol. 46, Jan. 1996, pp. 105–17.

Mundal, Else. “The Position of the Individual Gods and Goddesses in Various Types of Sources - with Special Reference to the Female Divinities.” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, vol. 13, The Donner Institute, Jan. 1990, pp. 294–315.

North, Richard. “Goð geyja: The Limits of Humour in Old Norse-Icelandic Paganism.” Quaestio Insularis: Selected Proceedings of the Cambridge Colloquium in Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic 1, 2000, pp. 1-22.

North, Richard. “Loki’s Gender, or Why Skaði Laughed.” Monsters and the Monstrous in Medieval Northwest Europe, edited by K. E. Olsen and L. A. J. R. Houwen (Mediaevalia Groningana New Series, 3), Louvain, 2001, 141-51.

North, Richard. “End Time and the date of Vǫluspá: Two Models of Conversion.” Conversion and Colonization in Anglo-Saxon England, edited by Catherine E. Karkov and Nicholas Howe (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies Series, 318), U of Arizona P, 2006, pp. 213-236.

North, Richard. “OE wopes hring and the Old Norse Myth of Baldr.” Early Archaeology and Art in the British Isles: Studies in Honour of James Graham-Campbell, edited by Andrew Reynolds and Leslie Webster, Brill, 2012, pp. 893-910.

O’Donoghue, Heather. Old Norse-Icelandic Literature. Blackwell, 2004.

O’Donoghue, Heather. From Asgard to Valhalla: The Remarkable History of the Norse Myths. I. B. Tauris, 2007.

O’Donoghue, Heather. 2014. English Poetry and Old Norse Myth. Oxford UP, 2004.

Odd Nordland. “Valhall and Helgafell: Syncretistic Traits of the Old Norse Religion.” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, vol. 3, The Donner Institute, Jan. 1969, pp. 66–99.

Olina Thorvardardottir. “Spirits of the Land: A Tool for Social Education.” Bookbird, vol. 37, no. 4, Bookbird, Inc., Jan. 1999, pp. 33–34.

Orton, Peter. “Pagan Myth and Religion.” A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture, edited by Rory McTurk. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005, pp. 302-19.

Pilkington, Brian. Stumble: an Icelandic Troll Story. Mál og menning, 2000.

Pilkington, Brian. The Yule Lads. Mál og menning, 2001.

Pilkington, Brian. Trolls: Philosophy and Wisdom. Mál og menning, 2011.

Pilkington, Brian. The Yule Cat: A Seasonal Makeover. Mál og menning, 2017.

Pilkington, Brian, and Gunnell, Terry. Icelandic Trolls. Mál og menning, 2003.

Pilkington, Brian, and Gunnell, Terry. The Hidden People of Iceland. Mál og menning, 2012.

Pridmore, Saxby, et al. “Suicide in Old Norse and Finnish Folk Stories.” Australasian Psychiatry, vol. 19, no. 4, SAGE Publications, Aug. 2011, pp. 321–24, doi:10.3109/10398562.2011.603331.

Quinn, Judy. “What Frigg knew: the goddess as prophetess in Old Norse mythology.” Dee, profetesse, regine e altre figure femminili nel Medioevo germanico, edited by Maria Ruggerini and Veronika Szöke, CUEC, 2015, pp. 67-88.

Quinn, Judy. “The Principles of Textual Criticism and the Interpretation of Old Norse Texts Derived from Oral Tradition.” Studies in the Transmission and Reception of Old Norse Literature: The Hyperborean Muse in European Culture, edited by Judy Quinn and Adele Cipolla (Acta Scandinavica: Aberdeen Studies in the Scandinavian World), Brepols, 2016, pp. 47-78.

Raffield, Ben, et al. “Religious Belief and Cooperation: a View from Viking-Age Scandinavia.” Religion, Brain & Behavior, vol. 9, no. 1, Routledge, Jan. 2019, pp. 2–22, doi:10.1080/2153599X.2017.1395764.

“Ragnarok in North America.” Fenris Wolf 4, 1998.

Rooth, Anna Birgitta. Loki in Scandinavian Mythology. C W K Gleerup, 1961.

Ross, Margaret Clunies. Prolonged Echoes: Old Norse Myths in Medieval Northern Society. U of Southern Denmark P, 1994.

Ross, Margaret Clunies, editor. Old Icelandic Literature and Society. Cambridge UP, 2000.

Ross, Margaret Clunies. “Images of Norse Cosmology.” Myths, Legends, and Heroes: Essays on Old Norse and Old English Literature in Honour of John McKinnell, edited by Daniel Anlezark. U of Toronto P, 2011.

Roughton, Philip, and Pétur Már Ólafsson. Icelandic Ghost Stories. Veröld, 2013.

Ruggerini, Maria Elena. Le invettive di Loki [The Invective of Loki]. Istituto di glottologia, Università di Roma, 1979.

Russell, Laura. “The Huldufolk: An Icelandic Folktale.” Faces, vol. 16, no. 9, Carus Publishing Company, d/b/a ePals Media, May 2000, pp. 40–43.

Sävborg, Daniel, and Bek-Pedersen, Karen. Supernatural Encounters in Old Norse Literature and Tradition. Brepols, 2018.

Sayers, William. “‘ok Er Hann Einhendr’: Tÿr’s Enhanced Functionality.” Neophilologus, vol. 100, no. 2, Springer Netherlands, Apr. 2016, pp. 245–55, doi:10.1007/s11061-015-9462-4.

Schach, Paul. “Some Thoughts on Völuspá.” Edda: A Collection of Essays, edited by Haraldur Bessason and Robert J. Glenndinning. Uof Manitoba P, 1983, pp. 86-116.

Schjodt, Jens-Peter. More Than Mythology: Narratives, Ritual Practices & Regional Distribution in pre-Christian Scandinavian Religions. Nordic Academic Press, 2012.

Schorn, Brittany, Quinn, Judy, and Larrington, Carolyne, editors. A Handbook to Eddic Poetry: Myths and Legends of Early Scandinavia. Cambridge UP, 2016.

Sesselja Bigseth. “Spotting Elves in Iceland.” Spirituality & Health Magazine, July 2004.

Shimomiya, Tadao. Alliteration in the Poetic Edda. Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2011, doi:10.3726/978-3-0353-0095-6.

Simpson, Jacqueline. Legends of Icelandic Magicians. Published by D. S. Brewer and Rowman and Littlefield for the Folklore Society, 1975.

Söderberg, Barbro. “Lokasenna - egenheter och ålder [Loki’s Quarrel: Peculiarities and Age].” Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi, vol. 102, C. W. K. Gleerup, etc., Jan. 1987.

Solli, Brit. “Queering the Cosmology of the Vikings: A Queer Analysis of the Cult of Odin and ‘Holy White Stones.’” Journal of Homosexuality, vol. 54, no. 1-2, Taylor & Francis Group, Apr. 2008, pp. 192–208, doi:10.1080/00918360801952085.

Sveinn Yngvi Egilsson. “The Reception of Old Norse Myths in Icelandic Romanticism.” Det norrøne og det nationale. Studier i brugen af Islands gamle litteratur i nationale sammenhænge i Norge, Sverige, Island, Storbritannien, Tyskland og Danmark. Stofnun Vigdísar Finnbogadóttur í erlendum tungumálum, 2008, 103–121.

Tangherlini, Timothy R. Nordic Mythologies: Interpretations, Intersections, and Institutions. North Pinehurst Press, 2014.

Taylor, Paul Beekman. “Völundarkviđa, Þrymskviđa and the Function of Myth.” Neophilologus, vol. 78, no. 2, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Apr. 1994, pp. 263–81, doi:10.1007/BF00999658.

Taylor, Paul Beekman. Sharing Story: Medieval Norse-English Literary Relationships. AMS Press, 1998.

Thorvaldsen, Bernt Øyvind. “Om Þrymskviða, tekstlån og tradisjon [On Thrym’s Poem, and Traditions.” Maal og minne, no. 2, 2008, pp. 142–66.

Tolley, Clive. Shamanism in Norse Myth and Magic. Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2009.

Turco, Jeffrey. “Nets and Snares: The Loki of Snorri’s Edda and the Christian Tradition.” History of Religions, vol. 56, no. 2, U of Chicago P, Nov. 2016, pp. 198–231, doi:10.1086/688214.

Turville-Petre, E. O. G. “Dreams in Icelandic Tradition.” Folklore, vol. 69, Folklore Society, Jan. 1958.

Turville-Petre, E. O. G. Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964.

Unnur Jökulsdóttir, and Árni Einarsson. Hefurðu séð huldufólk?: ferðasaga [Have You Seen the Hidden People?: An Itinerary]. Mál og menning, 2007.

van Hamel, A.G. “The Prose Frame of Lokasenna.” Neophilologus, vol. 14, No. 1, 1929, pp. 204-214.

Vilborg Davíðsdóttir. “Elves on the Move: Midwinter Mumming and House-visiting in Iceland.” Masks and mumming in the nordic area, edited by Terry Gunnell, Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur, 2007, pp. 643–666.

von Schnurbein, Stefanie. “Function of Loki in Snorri Sturluson’s ‘Edda.’” History of Religions, vol. 40, no. 2, 2000, pp. 109-124.

von Schnurbein, Stefanie. “Shamanism in the Old Norse Tradition: A Theory Between Ideological Camps.” History of Religions, vol. 43, no. 2, U of Chicago P, Nov. 2003, pp. 116–38, doi:10.1086/423007.

von See, Klaus. Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda [Comments on the Songs of the Edda]. Universitätsverlag Winter, 1997.

von See, Klaus. Europa und der Norden im Mittelalter [Europe and the North in the Middle Ages]. C. Winter, 1999.

Wanner, Kevin J. “Cunning Intelligence in Norse Myth: Loki, Inn, and the Limits of Sovereignty.” History of Religions, vol. 48, no. 3, U of Chicago P, Feb. 2009, pp. 211–46, doi:10.1086/598231.

Wanner, Kevin J. Snorri Sturluson and the Edda: The Conversion of Cultural Capital in Medieval Scandinavia. U of Toronto P, 2008.

Wanner, Kevin J. “Sewn Lips, Propped Jaws, and a Silent Áss (or Two): Doing Things with Mouths in Norse Myth.” JEGP, vol. 111, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1-24.

Warnica, Richard. “Help Your elf (Iceland).” Maclean’s, vol. 125, no. 21, Rogers Publishing Ltd., June 2012.

Wawn, Andrew, Johnson, Graham, and Walter, John, editors. Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey. Brepols, 2007.

Wawn, Andrew, editor. Northern Antiquity: The Post-Medieval Reception of Edda and Saga. Hisarlik Press, 1994.

Wawn, Andrew. “The Post-Medieval Reception of Old Norse and Old Icelandic Literature.” A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture, edited by Rory McTurk. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005, pp. 320-337.

Wawn, Andrew. The Vikings and the Victorians: Inventing the Old North in 19th-Century Britain. D. S. Brewer, 2000.

Wellendorf, Jonas. “Homogeneity and Heterogeneity in Old Norse Cosmology.” Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives, edited by A. Andrén et al., 2006, pp. 50-53.

Wiener, Harvey S., and John Lindow. Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press USA - OSO, 2002.

Wolf, Kirsten. “The Colors of the Rainbow in Snorri’s Edda.” Maal Og Minne, vol. 1, Jan. 2007, pp. 51–62.

Zarins, Kimberly. “The Eddas: Iceland’s Books of Lore.” Calliope, vol. 13, no. 5, Cobblestone Publishing, a division of Carus Publishing Company, Jan. 2003.